@ARTICLE{11612917,
  author={Zhu, Chengcheng and Li, Ye and Rao, Bosen and Mao, Yunlong and Zhang, Jiale and Wu, Tingting and Ge, Xin and Zhong, Sheng},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security}, 
  title={SPA: Stealthy and Persistent Backdoor Attacks in Federated Learning via Feature-Space Alignment}, 
  year={2026},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-1}
}